Raw Material Pretreatment: A Core Step for Adapting to Fish Feed Production Equipment's Feeding Requirements. Before loading the extruder, the raw materials must meet three major standards: moisture content, particle size, and purity. Otherwise, loading efficiency and extrusion effect will be affected. Moisture content is optimally controlled at 12%-14%. Excessive moisture content can cause raw materials to stick to the feed hopper and conveying pipes, leading to jamming; insufficient moisture content will cause excessive frictional heat generation, accelerating screw wear. During pretreatment, moisture content needs to be adjusted through drying or humidification, while simultaneously crushing the raw materials to 80-100 mesh. Uneven particle size will lead to uneven loading, resulting in unbalanced force on the extruder screw and fluctuations in extrusion degree. Regarding purity, stones, metals, and fiber impurities must be thoroughly removed from the raw materials. Double filtration using an iron removal device and a vibrating screen is necessary to prevent impurities from entering the extrusion chamber and wearing down the screw and die head. This is crucial for protecting the extruder's core components. For example, a fish farm experienced screw jamming in its twin-screw extruder after loading due to metal impurities in the raw materials, resulting in repair costs of tens of thousands of yuan.
Equipment safety inspection procedure before loading. The following steps must be checked sequentially, from outside to inside, and from static to dynamic: During static inspection, confirm that the automatic fish food making equipment is powered off and stopped, and that there is no residual material in the feed hopper, conveyor screw, and extrusion chamber (if any residue is present, it must be cleaned thoroughly to prevent it from drying and affecting loading and puffing); check that the feed inlet seals are intact and that the conveyor pipe connections are secure to prevent material leakage or pipe loosening during loading; check that the screw and die are in the normal positions and that the lubrication system oil level is up to standard to ensure smooth equipment operation. During dynamic inspection, run the equipment unloaded for 5-10 minutes after power is turned on to observe whether the motor of the feeding system is running normally and whether the conveyor screw is rotating smoothly. Loading can only begin after there are no abnormal noises or vibrations; simultaneously test the sensitivity of the emergency stop button and overload alarm device to avoid safety risks during loading.
Targeted preparation points for different types of small fish food making machines. The feeding systems of single-screw and twin-screw extruders differ, requiring different preparation focuses: Single-screw extruders lack a forced feeding device at the inlet, necessitating ensuring good raw material flowability. A stirring device can be installed in the feed hopper to prevent bridging and blockage. Twin-screw extruders are equipped with a forced feeding system; therefore, the coordination between the feed motor and screw speed must be checked, and the feed speed parameters adjusted in advance to ensure they match the screw's processing rhythm. For wet extruders, the steam addition system must also be checked to ensure unobstructed steam pipes and stable pressure, preventing steam leakage during loading that could affect the raw material's moisture content. For dry extruders, the dust collection device at the inlet must be thoroughly cleaned to maintain a clean feeding environment and reduce dust pollution and equipment malfunctions.
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