Core Parameter Control: Adapting to Feed Type and Quality Requirements. Different machine models require different parameter control focuses. For floating fish feed machines, four key parameters need attention: First, screw speed, ranging from 250-400 rpm. High speeds (350-400 rpm) enhance shear heat generation and increase puffing degree, suitable for producing floating feed; low speeds (250-300 rpm) reduce puffing degree, suitable for producing sinking feed. Second, extrusion chamber temperature, controlled at 120-160℃ through steam addition and segmented heating. Higher extrusion section temperatures result in more complete starch gelatinization and stronger granule water resistance. Third, die orifice diameter, adjustable from 1-5 mm. Smaller orifices (1-2 mm) are suitable for fry feed, while larger orifices (3-5 mm) are suitable for adult fish feed. Smaller orifices result in higher puffing degree. Fourth, feed rate, which needs to be adjusted in conjunction with screw speed to ensure a reasonable residence time of the raw material in the extrusion chamber (15-30 seconds), avoiding insufficient or excessive gelatinization. For flat/ring die extruders, the key is to control the pressing pressure and speed. Higher pressure results in greater particle density and stronger water resistance.
Core standards and testing methods for particle quality control. Quality control needs to focus on three major indicators: First, water resistance: sinking feed needs ≥8 hours, floating feed has a buoyancy rate ≥95%. During testing, the particles are placed in clean water to observe the disintegration time and buoyancy. Second, hardness: the hardness of fry feed is controlled at 2-3kg, and adult fish feed is controlled at 3-5kg. This is tested using a hardness tester to avoid excessive hardness that could damage the fish's mouth or excessive softness that would easily disintegrate. Third, uniformity: particle size error ≤±0.5mm, breakage rate ≤5%, is tested using a sieving method. When using an extruder, sampling and testing should be conducted every hour. If insufficient extrusion or poor water resistance is found, the amount of steam added and the screw speed can be increased. If the particles are brittle, the speed can be reduced and the amount of oil added can be decreased to ensure stable quality.
Practical techniques for optimizing fish extruder machine parameters. Parameter control should follow the principle of "fixing basic parameters first, then fine-tuning and optimizing": When producing a certain type of feed, first determine the die orifice diameter and raw material moisture content, then adjust the screw speed and steam addition until the extrusion degree meets the standard; before mass production, conduct small-scale trials, record the suitable parameters, and form a standardized formula parameter table, which can be directly called upon in subsequent production to reduce debugging time. At the same time, parameters need to be fine-tuned according to batch differences in raw materials. For example, if the raw material moisture content is too high, appropriately reduce the steam addition and increase the feeding speed to avoid over-extrusion. Through precise parameter control, the pass rate of feed produced by the extruder can be increased from 85% to over 98%.
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